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A novel bacterium of the genus Pasteuria was discovered parasitizing bacterivorous nematodes of the genus Bursilla, in selected bermudagrass (Cynodon) field plots in Davie, FL, USA. Soil containing this bacterium was sampled and supplied with bi-weekly inoculations of cultured species of the genus Bursilla in order to build and maintain a source of endospores for continuous in vivo conservation of the bacteria for further study and characterization. 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities supported its congeneric ranking with other members of the genus Pasteuria that have been identified from nematodes and cladocerans. There were, however, no clear sister candidates for this organism, which supported the evidence of endospore ultrastructure and host-range studies, suggesting it belonged to a novel taxon. Because members of the genus Pasteuria cannot yet be isolated, definitive type strains could not be maintained; therefore, the name ‘Candidatus Pasteuria aldrichii’ is proposed for this organism.

The taxonomic status of the families Actinosynnemataceae and Pseudonocardiaceae was assessed based on 16S rRNA gene sequence data available for the 151 taxa with validly published names, as well as chemotaxonomic and morphological properties available from the literature. 16S rRNA gene sequences for the type strains of all taxa within the suborder Pseudonocardineae were subjected to phylogenetic analyses using different algorithms in arb and phylip. The description of many new genera and species within the suborder Pseudonocardineae since the family Actinosynnemataceae was proposed in 2000 has resulted in a markedly different distribution of chemotaxonomic markers within the suborder from that observed at that time. For instance, it is noted that species of the genera Actinokineospora and Allokutzneria contain arabinose in whole-cell hydrolysates, which is not observed in the other genera within the Actinosynnemataceae, and that there are many genera within the family Pseudonocardiaceae as currently described that do not contain arabinose. Phylogenetic analyses of 16S rRNA gene sequences for all taxa within the suborder do not provide any statistical support for the family Actinosynnemataceae, nor are signature nucleotides found that support its continued differentiation from the family Pseudonocardiaceae. The description of the family Pseudonocardiaceae is therefore emended to include the genera previously classified within the family Actinosynnemataceae and the description of the suborder Pseudonocardineae is also emended to reflect this reclassification.

A novel actinomycete that was capable of degrading poly(l-lactic acid), strain CMU-PLA07T, was isolated from soil in northern Thailand. Strain CMU-PLA07T had biochemical, chemotaxonomic, morphological and physiological properties that were consistent with its classification in the genus Amycolatopsis. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that the isolate formed a phyletic line within the genus Amycolatopsis. Strain CMU-PLA07T was most similar to Amycolatopsis coloradensis IMSNU 22096T (99.5 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Amycolatopsis alba DSM 44262T (99.4 %). However, strain CMU-PLA07T was distinguishable from the type strains of species of the genus Amycolatopsis on the basis of DNA–DNA relatedness and phenotypic data. Therefore, strain CMU-PLA07T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Amycolatopsis, for which the name Amycolatopsis thailandensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CMU-PLA07T ( = JCM 16380T = BCC 38279T).

A thermotolerant, Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, sporangium-forming actinomycete, strain RA45T, was isolated from a desert region in Xinjiang Uigur Autonomous Region, north-western China. Comparative analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence and phenotypic characterization revealed that strain RA45T belonged phylogenetically to the family Pseudonocardiaceae of the suborder Pseudonocardineae. Strain RA45T showed more than 5 % 16S rRNA gene sequence divergence from recognized species of genera in the family Pseudonocardiaceae, forming a distinct lineage within the evolutionary radiation occupied by the genera Amycolatopsis, Prauserella, Thermocrispum, Saccharomonospora, Saccharopolyspora and Sciscionella, but distinct from each of them. The affiliation to the family was supported by the presence of suborder- and family-specific 16S rRNA signature nucleotides, a DNA G+C content of 69.9 mol%, the presence of meso-diaminopimelic acid, ribose, arabinose, glucose and galactose, which are characteristic components of cell-wall chemotype IV of actinomycetes, the presence of menaquinone MK-9(H4) as the major respiratory lipoquinone, a lack of mycolic acids and the presence of an N-acetylated type of muramic acid. However, strain RA45T differed from known genera of the family in its polar lipid composition: the major phospholipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol mannosides, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phospholipids of unknown structure and phospholipids of unknown structure containing glucosamine (phospholipid type IV). Based on its morphological, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic characteristics, strain RA45T is considered to represent a novel species of a new genus in the family Pseudonocardiaceae, for which the name Yuhushiella deserti gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Yuhushiella deserti is RA45T (=CGMCC 4.5579T =JCM 16584T).

Five Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, non-spore-forming, coccoid rod-shaped bacterial isolates were obtained from infant formula and an infant formula production environment and were investigated by use of a polyphasic taxonomic study. Biochemical tests and partial rpoB gene sequence analysis of the five isolates revealed that they formed two distinct groups in the family Enterobacteriaceae, closely related to several species of the genera Pantoea and Erwinia, which indicated a phylogenetic position within the genus Pantoea or the genus Erwinia. Multilocus sequence analysis of concatenated partial atpD, gyrB, infB and rpoB gene sequences of two of the isolates suggested that they represented two novel species of the genus Pantoea, phylogenetically related most closely to Pantoea septica. The five isolates had general characteristics consistent with those of the genus Pantoea, and DNA–DNA hybridizations between two representatives and the type strains of their phylogenetically closest relatives based on comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that the isolates represented two novel genospecies. These two genospecies could be differentiated from each other based on fermentation of galacturonate, sorbitol and potassium 5-ketogluconate. They could be differentiated from phylogenetically related Pantoea species based on their ability to ferment lactose and to utilize β-gentiobiose and raffinose, their inability to ferment or utilize d-arabitol, and their inability to produce indole. On the basis of the results obtained, the five isolates are considered to represent two novel species of the genus Pantoea, for which the names Pantoea gaviniae sp. nov. (type strain A18/07T =LMG 25382T =DSM 22758T) and Pantoea calida sp. nov. (type strain 1400/07T =LMG 25383T =DSM 22759T) are proposed.

Two novel thermophilic and slightly acidophilic strains, Kam940Tand Kam1507b, which shared 99 % 16S rRNA gene sequence identity, were isolated from terrestrial hot springs of the Uzon caldera on the Kamchatka peninsula. Cells of both strains were non-motile, regular cocci. Growth was observed between 55 and 85 °C, with an optimum at 65–70 °C (doubling time, 6.1 h), and at pH 4.5–7.5, with optimum growth at pH 5.5–6.0. The isolates were strictly anaerobic organotrophs and grew on a narrow spectrum of energy-rich substrates, such as beef extract, gelatin, peptone, pyruvate, sucrose and yeast extract, with yields above 107cells ml−1. Sulfate, sulfite, thiosulfate and nitrate added as potential electron acceptors did not stimulate growth when tested with peptone. H2at 100 % in the gas phase inhibited growth on peptone. Glycerol dibiphytanyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGTs) with zero to four cyclopentyl rings were present in the lipid fraction of isolate Kam940T. The G+C content of the genomic DNA of strain Kam940Twas 37 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the isolates were archaea of the phylumCrenarchaeota, only distantly related to the cultured members of the classThermoprotei(no more than 89 % identity), and formed an independent lineage adjacent to the ordersDesulfurococcalesandAcidilobalesand clustering only with uncultured clones from hot springs of Yellowstone National Park and Iceland as the closest relatives. On the basis of their phylogenetic position and novel phenotypic features, isolates Kam940Tand Kam1507b are proposed to be assigned to a new genus and species,Fervidicoccus fontisgen. nov., sp. nov. The type strain ofFervidicoccus fontisis strain Kam940T(=DSM 19380T=VKM B-2539T). The phylogenetic data as well as phenotypic properties suggest that the novel crenarchaeotes form the basis of a new family,Fervidicoccaceaefam. nov., and order,Fervidicoccalesord. nov., within the classThermoprotei.

A novel halophilic actinomycete, designated strain YIM 93223T, was isolated from a salt lake in Xinjiang Province, north-west China, and was subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. The isolate grew at 25–45 °C, at pH 6–8 and in the presence of 1–15 % (w/v) NaCl; no growth was observed in the absence of NaCl. Strain YIM 93223T contained meso-diaminopimelic acid, glutamic acid and alanine as cell-wall amino acids, and glucose and galactose as major whole-cell-wall sugars. Major fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, C16 : 0 and C16 : 1 ω7c/iso-C15 : 0 2-OH. MK-8(H4) was the predominant menaquinone. The genomic DNA G+C content was 66.1 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain YIM 93223T belongs to the genus Amycolatopsis. It shared highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Amycolatopsis palatopharyngis 1BDZT (96.6 %) and Amycolatopsis marina Ms392AT (96.4 %), but lower values (94.5–96.2 %) with the type strains of other recognized species of the genus Amycolatopsis. On the basis of the data from this polyphasic study, strain YIM 93223T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Amycolatopsis, for which the name Amycolatopsis halophila sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is YIM 93223T (=DSM 45216T =KCTC 19403T).

The purpose of this announcement is to effect the valid publication of the following effectively published new names and new combinations under the procedure described in the Bacteriological Code (1990 Revision). Authors and other individuals wishing to have new names and/or combinations included in future lists should send three copies of the pertinent reprint or photocopies thereof, or an electronic copy of the published paper, to the IJSEM Editorial Office for confirmation that all of the other requirements for valid publication have been met. It is also a requirement of IJSEM and the ICSP that authors of new species, new subspecies and new combinations provide evidence that types are deposited in two recognized culture collections in two different countries. It should be noted that the date of valid publication of these new names and combinations is the date of publication of this list, not the date of the original publication of the names and combinations. The authors of the new names and combinations are as given below, and these authors' names will be included in the author index of the present issue. Inclusion of a name on these lists validates the publication of the name and thereby makes it available in bacteriological nomenclature. The inclusion of a name on this list is not to be construed as taxonomic acceptance of the taxon to which the name is applied. Indeed, some of these names may, in time, be shown to be synonyms, or the organisms may be transferred to another genus, thus necessitating the creation of a new combination.